How to Paper Piece a Quilt

Brief Overview of Paper Piecing: Paper piecing, also known as foundation paper piecing, is a quilting technique that uses a printed paper pattern as a guide for sewing fabric pieces together with precision. This method is particularly popular among quilters for its ability to create intricate and highly accurate designs, even for complex quilt blocks that would be challenging to piece using traditional methods.

Purpose of the Guide: The purpose of this guide is to provide a comprehensive, step-by-step tutorial on how to paper piece a quilt. Whether you are a beginner looking to learn the basics or an experienced quilter seeking to refine your skills, this guide aims to make the process of paper piecing accessible and enjoyable. By following the outlined steps, readers will gain the necessary knowledge and confidence to create their own beautifully crafted quilt blocks with ease.

Materials and Tools Needed

Fabric Selection:

• Types of Fabric:
• Recommendations for the Best Fabrics to Use: The best fabrics for paper piecing are high-quality cotton, which is both durable and easy to work with. Quilting cotton, in particular, is highly recommended due to its tight weave and stability. Avoid using stretchy or slippery fabrics as they can be challenging to manage and may distort the final design.
• Choosing Colors and Patterns:
• Tips on Selecting Complementary Colors and Patterns for a Cohesive Quilt: When selecting fabrics, consider using a mix of solids and prints to add visual interest to your quilt. Choose a color scheme that works well together—complementary colors or analogous color schemes can create a harmonious look. Don’t be afraid to experiment with bold patterns for a striking effect, but ensure that the fabrics are balanced to avoid overwhelming the design.

Paper and Templates:

• Types of Paper:
• The Best Types of Paper to Use for Paper Piecing: Foundation paper designed specifically for paper piecing is the best choice as it’s thin, easy to sew through, and tears away cleanly. Regular printer paper can also be used, but it may be harder to tear away and can leave more residue.
• Templates:
• Where to Find and How to Prepare Templates: Paper piecing templates can be found in quilting books, magazines, and online resources such as quilting websites and Etsy stores. Once you’ve selected a pattern, print the templates at the correct scale. If the template includes multiple sections, label each one clearly to ensure accurate assembly.

Sewing Supplies:

• Needles and Thread:
• Best Needles and Thread for Paper Piecing: Use a fine needle (such as a size 70/10 or 80/12) in your sewing machine for precise stitching. Choose a high-quality cotton thread that matches your fabric; neutral colors like beige or grey typically blend well with most fabrics.
• Rotary Cutter and Cutting Mat:
• Essential Cutting Tools for Precision: A rotary cutter combined with a self-healing cutting mat is indispensable for accurate fabric cutting. A sharp rotary blade ensures clean cuts, while the cutting mat provides a stable and protective surface.
• Pins and Glue Sticks:
• Helpful for Securing Fabric to Paper Templates: Fine pins are useful for holding fabric pieces in place, while glue sticks can provide a temporary hold without distorting the fabric. Use them sparingly to avoid any issues during removal.
• Iron and Pressing Surface:
• Importance of Pressing Seams for Accuracy: A good iron and a firm pressing surface are crucial for setting seams and ensuring fabric lays flat. This helps in maintaining precise alignment and a professional finish in your quilt blocks. Proper pressing at every stage will contribute greatly to the overall success of your paper-piecing project.

Preparing the Templates

Selecting a Pattern:

• Finding Patterns:
• Resources for Free and Purchasable Paper Piecing Patterns: There are numerous online resources where you can find both free and purchasable paper piecing patterns. Websites such as Craftsy, Pinterest, and dedicated quilting blogs often offer a variety of free patterns. For more unique or intricate designs, consider purchasing patterns from Etsy, quilt designer websites, or specialized quilting magazines.
• Simple vs. Complex Patterns:
• Choosing the Right Pattern for Your Skill Level: If you are a beginner, it is advisable to start with simple patterns consisting of larger, straightforward shapes. As your confidence and skills grow, you can progress to more complex designs featuring smaller pieces and intricate details. Choosing a pattern that matches your skill level will help ensure a positive and successful paper-piecing experience.

Printing and Cutting Templates:

• Accurate Printing:
• Ensuring Templates are Printed to Scale: To maintain the accuracy of your quilt blocks, it is crucial to print your paper piecing templates to the correct scale. Most patterns include a 1-inch scale indicator; measure this with a ruler to confirm that your printout is correct. Ensure your printer settings are set to “actual size” or 100% scaling, and avoid using any “fit to page” options that may distort the template size.
• Cutting Techniques:
• How to Cut Templates Precisely: Use sharp scissors or a rotary cutter with a ruler to clean your templates. Precision is key, so take your time to cut along the lines accurately. Any deviations in the template shape can affect the fit and alignment of your fabric pieces.

Numbering and Marking:

• Labeling Sections:
• Importance of Numbering and Marking Templates for Assembly: Proper numbering and marking of your paper templates are essential for correct assembly. Most patterns will come pre-numbered to indicate the order in which to sew the pieces. Additionally, marking the templates with directional arrows can help ensure correct fabric placement. Take the time to label each section clearly, especially if the pattern includes multiple parts or requires joining several smaller sections into a larger block. This step will simplify the process and help prevent mistakes during assembly.

How to Paper Piece a Quilt: Cutting the Fabric

Choosing Fabric Pieces:

• Sizing:
• How to Measure and Cut Fabric Pieces Larger than the Template Sections: When cutting fabric for paper piecing, cutting each piece larger than the corresponding section on the template is essential. This extra allowance ensures you have enough fabric to cover the required area after sewing and pressing. To determine the size of the fabric pieces, measure the template section and add at least 1/4 inch to all sides. Some quilters prefer to be more generous with their measurements, especially for intricate patterns, to avoid any issues with fabric coverage.
• Organizing Fabric:
• Keeping Fabric Pieces Organized by Section: Organization is key when working with multiple fabric pieces and sections. After cutting, arrange the fabric pieces in groups according to their respective template sections. Use small labeled containers, plastic bags, or a dedicated fabric tray to keep everything sorted. This systematic approach will help streamline the sewing process and reduce the risk of mixing up pieces, ensuring a smoother and more efficient workflow.

Preparing Fabric for Sewing:

• Pre-Washing:
• Whether to Pre-Wash Fabric and Its Benefits: Pre-washing fabric before cutting and sewing is a personal choice and can depend on the type of quilt you’re making. Pre-washing removes any chemicals or sizing from manufacturing and helps prevent colors from bleeding later. Additionally, it reduces the risk of fabric shrinkage after the quilt is completed. However, some quilters prefer to work with unwashed fabric for its crispness and ease of handling. If you choose not to pre-wash, be mindful of potential shrinkage and color bleeding when the quilt is eventually washed.
• Pressing:
• Pressing Fabric Before Cutting to Ensure Accuracy: Proper fabric pressing before cutting is crucial for achieving precision in your paper piecing project. A hot iron presses out any wrinkles or creases, ensuring the fabric lays flat. This step allows for more accurate cutting and helps prevent distortion during sewing. Remember to press, not iron; using a pressing motion reduces the risk of stretching or skewing the fabric, maintaining the integrity of the cut pieces.

How to Paper Piece a Quilt: Assembling the Quilt Block

Step-by-Step Assembly:

Starting with the First Piece:

To assemble your quilt block, place the first fabric piece on the template. Position the fabric on the unprinted side of the template, ensuring it fully covers the entire first section and extends beyond the seam allowances. Use a small amount of fabric glue stick or a pin to hold the fabric in place. The right side of the fabric should be facing up, while the wrong side should be against the paper.

Adding Subsequent Pieces:

Once the first piece is secure, align the second fabric piece along the edge of the first piece, ensuring that the right sides are facing each other. Place the fabric so it covers the next section and extends beyond the seam allowances. Fold back the template paper along the seam line, and use a ruler and rotary cutter to trim the excess fabric, leaving a 1/4 inch seam allowance.

Carefully flip the template back and sew along the printed line, joining the two pieces. Continue with this method for each subsequent piece, always double-checking alignment and fabric coverage before stitching.

Sewing Techniques:

Sewing on the Line:

When sewing the fabric pieces together, aim to sew directly on the printed lines of the template. This precision is crucial for maintaining the accuracy and alignment of your quilt block. It’s helpful to use a clear presser foot so you can see the lines more easily. Start sewing a few stitches before the line starts and continue a few stitches after it ends, ensuring the seam is secure.

Stitch Length:

For paper piecing, a shorter stitch length is recommended to make tearing away the paper easier without distorting the fabric. Set your sewing machine to a stitch length of approximately 1.5-2.0 mm. The smaller stitches will perforate the paper more effectively, simplifying the removal process later and maintaining the integrity of the seams.

Trimming and Pressing:

Trimming Seams:

After sewing each seam, it’s important to trim the seams to reduce bulk and maintain clean lines. Use a rotary cutter and a ruler to trim the seam allowances to 1/4 inch. This practice is essential for achieving a neat finish and ensuring the pieces fit together cohesively.

Pressing Seams:

Press each seam flat as you go, using a hot iron. Pressing helps to set the stitches and flattens the fabric, making the subsequent piecing more accurate. Press the fabric pieces outward and away from the template. Avoid dragging the iron to prevent distortion; instead, use an up-and-down pressing motion.

Removing the Paper:

Tearing Away Paper:

Once the entire quilt block is assembled and all seams are pressed, it’s time to remove the paper. Gently tear away the paper from the back of the quilt block, starting at the edges and working your way inward. Be careful not to stretch or distort the fabric. Tweezers can help remove any small paper pieces that remain in the seams. Following these best practices will ensure your quilt block remains intact and accurate throughout the process.

Joining Quilt Blocks

Layout and Design:

Arranging Blocks:

Once your individual quilt blocks are complete, arranging them into the final layout requires careful consideration to achieve the desired look. Start by laying out all the blocks on a flat surface, such as a design wall or a clean floor, so you can see the entire quilt design at a glance.

Experiment with different arrangements, rotating and swapping blocks until you find a composition that is visually appealing. Consider taking photographs of different layouts to compare and decide on the most harmonious arrangement.

Color Balance:

Ensuring a balanced distribution of colors and patterns throughout your quilt is key to a cohesive design. Aim for an even spread of color, avoiding clusters of the same hue that can create unintentional focal points. Distribute busy or intricate patterns evenly to prevent any section from appearing too crowded or too sparse. Step back periodically to assess the overall balance and make adjustments as needed, striving for a harmonious and pleasing aesthetic.

Sewing Blocks Together:

Aligning Seams:

Accurately matching seams is crucial for a polished and professional finish. Start by aligning the seams on adjacent blocks and pinning them carefully to maintain precise alignment. Hold seams together with fine pins placed perpendicular to the seam line, or use clips for added stability. Sew with a consistent seam allowance, checking alignment frequently as you sew. If needed, baste the seams first to ensure they match perfectly before final stitching.

Pressing Seams:

Once the blocks are sewn together, pressing seams correctly will help the quilt lay flat and reduce bulk. Depending on the quilt design, you can press seams open or to the side. Pressing seams open can reduce bulk and create a smoother surface while pressing seams to the side can enhance durability and reinforce the quilt structure. Use a hot iron and a pressing motion, avoiding dragging to prevent distortion. Continue this process until all blocks are joined and pressed, resulting in a unified and well-balanced quilt top.

Adding Borders and Sashing

Measuring and Cutting:

Accurate Measurements:

Adding borders and sashing to your quilt can enhance its overall appearance and structure. Accurate measurements are essential to ensure a perfect fit and a professional finish. Begin by measuring the length and width of your quilt top at several points, as quilt tops can sometimes become slightly distorted during the sewing process.

Use the average measurement from these points to cut your borders and sashing strips. It’s helpful to use a long ruler and a rotary cutter to achieve clean, straight edges.

Fabric Choices:

Selecting the right fabric for your borders and sashing can significantly impact the quilt’s visual appeal. Consider choosing fabrics that complement or contrast with the quilt blocks to highlight certain design elements. Solid fabrics can provide a cohesive frame, while patterned fabrics can add interest and texture.

Consider the color balance and patterns used in your quilt blocks to select a fabric that will enhance the overall aesthetic. Lay out potential fabric choices next to your quilt top to see how they interact before making a final decision.

Attaching Borders and Sashing:

Sewing Techniques:

When attaching borders and sashing, it’s important to avoid stretching or distorting the quilt top. Begin by pinning the border or sashing strip to the quilt edge, starting from the center and working your way out to the corners. This helps to distribute any excess fabric evenly. Use a walking foot on your sewing machine to manage the layers of fabric more easily and reduce shifting. To maintain uniformity, sew with a consistent seam allowance, typically 1/4 inch.

To join sashing strips between quilt blocks, sew the sashing strips to one side of a block, then attach the adjacent block to the other side. Depending on your preference, press the seams open or to the side, and ensure each strip is aligned correctly before proceeding to the next. Continue this process, adding borders and sashing carefully to maintain the integrity of your quilt design.

Quilting and Finishing the Quilt

Layering the Quilt:

Quilt Sandwich:

Creating a quilt sandwich is a crucial step in the quilting process. This involves layering the quilt backing, batting, and quilt top together. To begin, lay your quilt backing fabric flat on a clean, spacious surface with the wrong side facing up. Smooth out any wrinkles and secure the backing to the surface with tape or clips to keep it taut.

Next, place the batting on top of the backing, ensuring it is centered and smooth. Finally, position the quilt top over the batting with the right side facing up. Align all layers carefully, making sure the edges are even. This layered assembly forms your quilt sandwich, which is now ready for basting.

Basting:

Basting is essential to hold the quilt sandwich layers together and prevent shifting during the quilting process. There are several methods for basting, including pin basting, thread basting, and spray basting. Pin basting is a popular choice, involving safety pins placed every few inches across the quilt sandwich.

Thread basting uses large, loose stitches to secure the layers temporarily. Spray basting involves using a special quilt basting spray to adhere the layers together. Whichever method you choose, ensure the layers are evenly secured and smooth before quilting.

Quilting:

Quilting Techniques:

Quilting adds texture and design to your quilt and can be done by hand or machine. Hand quilting involves sewing stitches through all three quilt sandwich layers using a needle and thread. This traditional method can create beautiful, intricate designs but is time-consuming.

On the other hand, machine quilting is faster and allows for various stitch patterns. You can create straight-line quilting, free-motion quilting, or use quilting templates for precise patterns using a standard sewing machine or a long-arm quilting machine. Choose the technique that best suits your skill level and desired aesthetic.

Designs and Patterns:

Selecting quilting designs that enhance your quilt’s overall appearance is an art form in itself. Simple straight lines or grid patterns can provide a clean, modern look, while more intricate designs, such as feathers, spirals, or stippling, can add depth and texture.

When choosing a quilting design, consider the style of your quilt blocks and the fabric patterns. Sketch out your ideas on paper or use quilting software to visualize the final result. Balancing the complexity of the quilting with the simplicity of the quilt top can create a harmonious and visually appealing quilt.

Binding:

Cutting and Preparing Binding:

Binding your quilt involves finishing the raw edges with a fabric strip. Begin by cutting fabric strips that are 2 1/2 inches wide and long enough to wrap around the entire perimeter of the quilt. You may need to join several strips together to achieve the required length. To prepare the binding, sew the strips together end-to-end using diagonal seams, then press the seams open. Fold the entire length of the binding strip in half lengthwise with the wrong sides together and press to create a crisp edge.

Attaching Binding:

Start attaching the binding to the quilt by aligning the raw edges of the folded binding strip with the raw edge of the quilt top, beginning in the middle of one side. Leave a tail of about 10 inches unsewn to join the ends later. Using a 1/4-inch seam allowance, sew the binding to the quilt, mitering the corners by folding them at a 45-degree angle before turning the quilt and continuing to sew.

Once you reach the starting point, join the ends of the binding with a diagonal seam, trim any excess, and complete the stitching. Finally, fold the binding over to the back of the quilt and hand-stitch it down for a clean, finished edge.

Final Pressing:

Pressing the Finished Quilt:

The final pressing of your quilt is essential for a professional finish. Use a hot iron to press the quilt gently, smoothing out any wrinkles and ensuring the quilt lies flat. Focus on the binding, seams, and quilted areas to give your quilt a polished appearance. This final touch will enhance the overall look, making your quilt ready to display or gift.

Conclusion

Mastering how to paper piece a quilt requires maintaining accuracy by aligning your fabric precisely with the paper template and using a smaller stitch length for tighter seams. Careful planning and pre-measuring can also minimize fabric waste and prevent unnecessary offcuts. Advanced techniques like fussy cutting and breaking down complex patterns into manageable sections can add unique and detailed touches to your quilts.

Don’t be afraid to try different patterns and techniques. Experiment with various simple and intricate designs to develop your skills and discover what styles you enjoy most. Every quilt you make is an opportunity to learn and improve.

The satisfaction and creativity involved in paper piecing a quilt are unmatched. As you navigate through the process, you’ll find immense joy in seeing your detailed designs come to life. Happy quilting!