How to Refire Glazed Pottery

Pottery is a beautiful and functional art form that has been around for thousands of years. Many people enjoy creating pottery as a hobby or even as a career, and one popular technique used in pottery making is glazing. Glazing involves adding a layer of liquid glass to the surface of the unfired clay, which creates a glossy finish once it has been fired in the kiln.

While glazing may seem intimidating at first, with a little practice and patience, anyone can learn how to refire glazed pottery and create stunning pieces of art. In this guide, we will go over the steps involved in refiring glazed pottery and provide some tips and tricks for achieving the perfect finish.

Necessary Items

Before you begin the process of refiring glazed pottery, you will need a few essential items. These include:

• Glazed Pottery Pieces: This may seem obvious, but you cannot refire pottery without something already glazed.
• Kiln: A kiln is a high-temperature oven used to fire clay and glazes.
• Pyrometer or Cones: These devices are used to measure the temperature inside the kiln.
• Tongs: These are used for handling hot pottery and placing it in and out of the kiln.
• Protective Gear: This includes gloves, goggles, and an apron to protect yourself from heat and glaze splatters.
• Glazing Materials: Including glaze, brushes, sponges, and clean water for cleanup.

12 Steps on How to Refire Glazed Pottery

Step 1: Preparing the Kiln

The first step in refiring glazed pottery is to prepare your kiln. Make sure it is clean and free of any debris from previous firings, as this can affect the outcome of your pieces. If you are using cones to measure temperature, place them inside the kiln according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 2: Selecting the Correct Temperature

Before putting your pottery in the kiln, it is essential to determine the correct temperature for refiring. This will depend on the type of glaze used and the type of clay you are using. Consult with your glaze and clay manufacturers or a professional potter to ensure you are firing at the appropriate temperature.

Step 3: Loading the Kiln

Once your kiln is prepared and you have determined the correct temperature, it is time to load your glazed pottery pieces. Make sure to leave enough space between each piece for proper air circulation and to avoid any pieces touching.

Step 4: Firing the Pottery

Start firing your pottery at a lower temperature and gradually increase the heat until you reach the desired temperature. This process helps to prevent any cracking or breakage in your pieces. As the temperature rises, you may notice some small bubbles appearing on the surface of your glaze. This is normal and will disappear as the firing process continues.

Step 5: Monitoring Temperature

It is crucial to monitor the temperature inside the kiln throughout the entire firing process. Use a pyrometer or check cones regularly to ensure that your kiln is reaching and maintaining the desired temperature.

Step 6: Holding Time

Once the kiln has reached the appropriate temperature, you will need to hold it at that temperature for a specific amount of time. This holding time can range from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the type of glaze and clay being used.

Step 7: Cooling Down

Once the holding time is complete, it is time to cool down the kiln. This process should be done gradually to prevent thermal shock and potential damage to your pottery. If using cones, make sure they have bent completely to indicate that the kiln has cooled down to room temperature.

Step 8: Removing Pottery from Kiln

Once the kiln has completely cooled down, it is safe to remove your refired pottery. Use tongs and protective gear to carefully handle the pieces. While the pottery may feel cool to the touch, it is still hot and can cause burns.

Step 9: Inspecting Pottery

Before handling or using your refired glazed pottery, it is crucial to inspect it for any cracks or imperfections. If there are any issues, you may need to refire the piece again at a lower temperature. As mentioned before, this process may require patience and practice to achieve the desired results.

Step 10: Cleaning Up

Once you have completed the refiring process and your pottery has cooled down, it is time to clean up. Use a damp sponge or cloth to remove any remaining glaze residue from your kiln shelves and tools.

Step 11: Final Touches

After your pottery has been retired, you may choose to add any final touches, such as additional glaze or decorations. This step is entirely optional and will depend on your personal preferences and the desired outcome of your piece.

Step 12: Enjoy Your Refired Pottery

Congratulations, you have successfully refired glazed pottery! Now, it is time to sit back, relax, and admire your beautiful creations. Whether you are using your pieces for functional or decorative purposes, they are sure to be a show-stopping addition to any space.

Refiring glazed pottery may seem like a daunting task, but with the right tools and techniques, it can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience. Remember to have patience, monitor temperature carefully, and don’t be afraid to experiment with different techniques and glazes. With practice, you will become an expert at refiring glazed pottery and creating unique pieces of functional art. 

9 Safety Measures to Keep in Mind

1) Always Wear Protective Gear

As mentioned above, it is crucial to wear protective gear, including gloves, goggles, and an apron, when handling hot pottery and working with glazes. This will protect you from potential burns and eye injuries.

2) Don’t Touch Hot Pottery

Even after the kiln has cooled down, the pottery can still be hot. It is essential to use tongs and other tools to handle the pieces until they have completely cooled down. And even then, use caution when touching the pottery.

3) Proper Ventilation

It is essential to have proper ventilation in your workspace when working with glazes and firing pottery. This will help reduce exposure to potentially harmful fumes. So, make sure to work in a well-ventilated area or invest in an air filtration system.

4) Use Heat-Resistant Surfaces

When loading and unloading the kiln, make sure to use heat-resistant surfaces such as ceramic shelves or bricks. This will prevent any damage to your workspace and protect you from potential burns.

5) Follow the Manufacturer’s Instructions

Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions when working with kilns, glazes, and other tools. This will ensure that you are using them correctly and safely. Some manufacturers may also provide specific safety guidelines that should be followed.

6) Store Materials Properly

When not in use, make sure to store glazes and other materials in a cool, dry place. This will help prevent any potential accidents or damage to the materials. If using chemicals, make sure to follow proper storage guidelines.

7) Keep Children and Pets Away

It is crucial to keep children and pets away from your workspace when working with glazes and firing pottery. This will not only ensure their safety but also prevent any accidental damage to your pieces or equipment.

8) Properly Dispose of Materials

When disposing of materials used in the firing process, make sure to follow proper guidelines. Some materials may need to be disposed of in specific ways due to their potentially harmful effects on the environment.

9) Know Your Limits

Lastly, it is essential to know your limits and not take on more than you can handle. If working with glazes or firing pottery becomes too overwhelming or difficult, don’t hesitate to seek help or take a break. Your safety should always be a top priority.

Remember, by following these safety measures on how to refire glazed pottery and being cautious, you can enjoy the refiring process without any accidents or injuries.

8 Things to Avoid When Refiring Glazed Pottery

1) Overfiring

Overfiring can result in your pottery becoming too hot and potentially cracking or warping. Make sure to monitor the temperature carefully and follow the recommended firing temperatures for your specific glazes.

2) Underfiring

On the other hand, underfiring can result in a dull or incomplete glaze. Make sure to follow the recommended firing temperatures and hold times to achieve the desired results.

3) Using Incompatible Glazes

Mixing incompatible glazes can result in undesirable chemical reactions, potentially ruining your pottery. Always make sure to use compatible glazes and do not mix them unless specifically instructed to do so by the manufacturer.

4) Not Using Enough Glaze

Using too little glaze can result in an incomplete or patchy finish. Make sure to follow the recommended application instructions and apply enough glaze to cover your piece evenly. However, be careful not to use too much glaze, as it can cause drips and runny finishes.

5) Not Properly Cleaning Tools

Glaze residue on your tools can result in cross-contamination and potentially ruin your pottery. Make sure to properly clean and dry your tools after each use to prevent this from happening. Even a small amount of glaze residue can cause unexpected results in your firings.

6) Not Testing Glazes

Before applying any glazes to your pottery, it is crucial to test them on a sample piece. This will allow you to see the final result and make any adjustments before applying the glaze to your final pieces. Just because a glaze looks good in the jar does not mean it will look the same when fired.

7) Using Damaged or Cracked Pottery

Using damaged or cracked pottery can result in further damage during the refiring process. Make sure to inspect your pieces before loading them into the kiln and discard any that are not suitable for firing.

8) Rushing the Cooling Process

It is essential to let your kiln cool down naturally and gradually. Rapid cooling can cause thermal shock, resulting in cracks or breakage of your pottery. It can also affect the final results of your glazes. Allow for ample time for the kiln and pieces to cool down before unloading them.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can ensure the success of your refiring and create beautiful, unique pieces of glazed pottery. Remember to always follow safety measures and be patient and attentive throughout the process.  Overall, refiring glazed pottery is a rewarding experience that allows you to experiment and create one-of-a-kind functional art pieces. So don’t be afraid to try new techniques and have fun with it!

8 Additional Tips for Refiring Glazed Pottery

1) Consider Using Wax Resist

Wax resist can be used to create unique, textured designs on your pottery. It prevents the glaze from adhering to certain areas when fired, resulting in a contrast between glazed and unglazed surfaces. As wax resist is flammable, make sure to use it in a well-ventilated area and away from any heat sources.

2) Mix Your Own Glazes

For more experienced potters, consider mixing your own glazes using different base materials such as frits, oxides, and stains. This allows for more control over the final colors and finishes of your pieces and can be a fun and creative process.

3) Experiment with Layering Glazes

Layering glazes can result in beautiful, multi-dimensional finishes on your pottery. Don’t be afraid to mix and match different glaze combinations to achieve unique results. Remember to test the layering on sample pieces before applying it to your final pieces.

4) Use a Ventilated Kiln

Adequate ventilation is essential when firing pottery as it releases fumes and gases that can be harmful if inhaled. Make sure to use a properly ventilated kiln or have proper ventilation in your workspace when refiring glazed pottery.

5) Preheat Your Pieces

Preheating your pieces before applying glaze can help the glazes adhere better and prevent any unwanted cracking or warping. This is especially important if you are refiring previously glazed pieces.

6) Don’t Be Afraid to Try Different Techniques

There are various techniques for applying glazes, such as brushing, pouring, dipping, and spraying. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different techniques to achieve unique results. You can also try using different tools, such as sponges or stamps, to create texture and patterns on your pieces.

7) Consider Using a Stilt

If you are worried about glaze drips or running during firing, consider using a stilt to elevate your piece off the kiln shelf. This will help prevent dripping onto the shelf and allow for more even firing.

8) Be Mindful of Lead and Toxic Materials

Some glazes may contain lead or other toxic materials that can be harmful if ingested or inhaled. Make sure to read the labels carefully and take necessary precautions when working with these types of glazes. It is also important to properly dispose of any leftover glaze materials.

By following these additional tips on how to refire glazed pottery, you can further enhance your refiring experience and create stunning glazed pottery pieces. Remember to always prioritize safety and have fun exploring new techniques and combinations with your glazes.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I Glaze My Pottery Multiple Times?

Yes, you can glaze your pottery multiple times by refiring it. However, be mindful of any compatibility issues between the different glazes.

How Many Times Can I Refire My Pottery?

You can refire your pottery as many times as needed, but be aware that each firing may slightly alter the final result and can potentially cause damage to the piece if not done carefully.

How Do I Know If My Glazes Are Compatible?

It is important to always check with the manufacturer’s instructions and test the glazes on a sample piece before applying them to your final pieces. If in doubt, it is best to consult with an experienced potter or ceramicist for guidance.

Can I Refire Cracked Pottery?

It is not recommended to refire cracked pottery as it can cause further damage or even breakage during firing. It is best to discard any cracked pieces before loading them into the kiln.

Can I Use a Different Kiln for Refiring?

It is possible to use a different kiln for refining, but it is important to ensure that the temperature and firing processes are similar to your original firing. If using a different kiln, make sure to thoroughly clean and prepare the shelves and elements before loading your pieces.  Overall, it is best to use the same kiln for both firings to ensure consistent results.

Can I Refire Pottery from Different Clay Bodies?

It is not recommended to refire pottery from different clay bodies as they may have different shrinkage rates and can potentially cause warping or cracking during firing. It is best to stick to one type of clay body when refiring glazed pottery. 

Overall, refiring glazed pottery can be a fun and rewarding process that allows for endless creative possibilities. With proper care and consideration, you can create beautifully unique pieces of functional art that will last for years to come. Keep experimenting, and don’t be afraid to try new techniques – the results may surprise you!

Conclusion

Refiring glazed pottery is a unique and exciting way to create one-of-a-kind functional art pieces. By following safety measures on how to refire glazed pottery and utilizing different techniques and tools, you can achieve stunning results with your glazes. Remember to be patient, test on sample pieces, and have fun exploring the endless possibilities of refiring glazed pottery. 

Overall, it is essential to remember that the process of creating pottery is a never-ending learning experience, and there is always room for growth and experimentation. Keep honing your skills and techniques, and who knows – you may just discover a new favorite method or combination along the way.  So, don’t be afraid to continue refining your glazed pottery pieces and pushing the boundaries of what is possible with this versatile art form.